McEleavy, P. (2012)
Within the realms of private international law and public international law, child abduction is not to be confused with either kidnapping for financial gain or human trafficking. Child abduction involves the wrongful removal of a child across an international frontier (Abduction, Transboundary) or the wrongful retention of a child within a foreign jurisdiction (Jurisdiction of States). The removal or retention will most likely be carried out by a parent or close family member with whom the child is well acquainted.
An abstract is available to view online with restricted access to the full document. Max Planck Encyclopedias of Public International Law.